Thomas Tusser

500 good points of Husbandrie

AUGUSTS ABSTRACT

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AUGUSTS ABSTRACT

 

THRY fallowing won,         Reape corne by the day,

get compassing done         least corne doo decay.

            By great is the cheaper,

In June and in Awe         if trustie were reaper.

swinge brakes (for a lawe)

            Blowe horne for sleapers,

Pure saffron plot         and cheere up thy reapers.   

forget it not.

His dewlling make trim,       Well doings who loveth,

looke shortly for him:         thes harvest points proveth.

When harvest is gon,

then saffron comes on.       Paie Gods part furst,

            and not of the wurst.

A little of ground

brings saffron a pound,       Now Parson (I say),

The pleasure is fine,         tith carrie away.

the profit is thine,

Keepe colour in drieng,       Keepe cart gap wheele.

well used woorth buieng,       scare hog from wheele.

            

            Mowe hawme to burne,

Maids, mustard seed reape,       to serve thy turne:

and laie on a heap.         To bake thy bread,

            to burne under lead.

Goode neighbours in deede,

change seede for seede.       Mowne hawme being dry,

            no longer let ly.

Now strike up drum,         Get home thy hawme,

cum harvest man cum.         whilst weather is cawme.

Take paine for a gaine,

one knave mars twaine.       

 

Mowne barlie lesse cost,       Seed barlie cast,

ill mowne much lost.         to thresh out last.

 

Reape barlie with sickle,       Lay pease upon stack,

that lies in ill pickle.         if hovell ye lack.

Let greenest stand,         And cover it straight,

for making of band.         from doves that waight.

Bands made withour dew,

will hold but a few.         Let gleaners gleane,

            (the poore I meane).

Laie bind to find her,         Which ever ye sowe,

two rakes to a binder.         that first eat lowe.

            The other forbare,

Rake after sieth,         for rowen to spare.

and pay thy tithe,

Corne carried all,         Come home lord singing,

then rake it ye shall.         com home corne bringing.

            Tis merie in hall,

Let shock take sweate,       when beards wag all.

least gofe take heate.

Yet it is best reason,         Once had thy desire,   

to take it in season.         pay workman his hire.

            Let none be beguilde,

More often ye turne,         man, woman, nor childe.

more pease ye out spurne.

Yet winnow them in,         Thanke God ye shall,

er carrege begin.         and adue for all.

 

Thy carting plie,         WORKS AFTER HARVEST

while weather is drie.

            Get tumbrell in hand,

Bid going (clim)         for barlie land.

gove just and trim.

Laie wheat for seede,         The better the muck,

to come by at neede.         the better good luck.

 

Still carrege is good,         Commoditie knowne,

for timber and wood.         abrode is blowne.

 

No longer delaies,         At first hand bie,

to mend the high waies.       at third let lie.

 

Some love as a jewell,         Have monie prest,

well placing of fewell.         to buie at the best.

 

In piling of logs,         Some cattle home bring,

make hovell for hogs.         for Mihelmas spring.

            By hauke amd hound,

Wife, plow doth crie,         small profit is found.

to picking of rie.

            Dispatch, looke home,

Such seede as ye sowe,       to loitering mome.

such reape or else mowe.       Provide or repent,

            milch cow for Lent.

Take shipping or ride,

Lent stuff to provide.         Now crone your sheepe,

            fat those ye keepe.

Let haberden lie,         Leave milking old cow,

in peasestraw drie.         fat aged up now.

 

When out ye ride,         Sell butter and cheese,

leave a good guide.         good Faries, few leese.

            At faires go bie,

Some profit spie out,         home wants to supplie.

by riding about.

Marke now, thorow yeere,       If hops looke browne,   

what cheape, what deere.       go gather them downe.

            But not in the deaw,

Some skill doth well         for piddling with few.

to buie and to sell.

Of theefe who bieth,         

in danger lieth.

 

Of hops this knack,         Hops dried in loft,

a meanie doo lack.         aske tendence oft.

Once had thy will,         And shed their seedes,

go cover his hill.         much more than needes.

 

Take hop to thy dole,         Hops dride, small cost,

but breake not his pole.       ill kept, halfe lost.

            Hops quickly be spilt,

Learne here (thou stranger)       take heede if thou wilt.

to frame hop manger.

            Some come, some go,

Hop poles preserve,         This life is so.

againe to serve.

Hop poles by and by,

long safe up to dry.

Least poles wax scant,

new pole go plant.

 

The hop kell dride,

will best abide.

 

AUGUSTS HUSBANDRIE

 

THRY fallow once ended, go strike by and by,       Thry fallowing

both wheat land and barlie go let it ly.

And as ye have leisure, go compas the same,

when ye doo lay it, more fruitfull to frame.

 

Get downe with thy brakes, er an showers doo come,     Mowing of brakes.

that cattle the better may pasture have some.

In June and in August, as well doth appeere,

is best to mowe brakes, of all times of the yeere.

 

Pare saffron betweene the two S.Maries daies,       Paring of saffron.

or set or go shift it, that knowest the waies.

What yeere shall I doo it (more profit to yeeld?)

the forth in garden the third in feeld.

 

In having but fortie foote workmanly dight,

take saffron ynough for a Lord and a knight.

All winter time alter as practise doth teach,

what polt have ye better for linnen to bleach.

 

Maides, mustard seede gather for being too ripe,

and weather it weel, er ye give it a stripe:

Then dresse it and laie it in a soller up sweete,

least foistines make it for table unmeete.

 

Good huswifes in sommer will save their owne seedes,

against the nest yeere, as occasion needes.

One seede for another, to make an exchange,

with fellowlie neighbourhood seemeth not strange.

 

Make sure of reapers, get harvest in hand         Corne harvest.

the corne that is ripe doo but shed as it stand.

Be thankdull to God, for his benefits sent,

and willing to save it with earnest intent.

 

To let out thy harvest, by great or by day,         Champion by great,

let this experience leade thee a way.           the other by day.

By great will deceive thee, with lingring it our,

by day will dispatch, and pu out of all doubt.

 

Grant harvest lord more by a penie of twoo,

to call on his fellowes the better to doo:

Give gloves to thy reapers, a larges to crie,

and dailie to loiterers have a good eie.

 

Reape well, scatter not, gather cleane that is shorne,       Good harvest points.

binde fast, shock apace, have an eie to thy corne.

Lode safe, carrie home, follow time being faire,

gove just in the barne, it is out of dispaire.

 

Tithe dulie and trulie, with hartie good will,

that God with his blessing may dwell with thee still.

Though Parson neglecteth his dutie for this,

thanke thou thy Lord God, and give erie man his.

 

Corne tithed, (sir Parson) to gather go get,         Parson looke to tithe.

and cause it on shocks to be by and by set:

Not leaving it scattering abrode on thr ground,

nor long in the field, but away with it round.

 

To cart gap and barne, set a guide to looke weele,       Keep hog from cart wheele.

and hoy out (sir carter) the hog fro thy wheele.

Least grredie of feeding, in following cart,

it noieth or perish spite of thy hart.

 

In champion countrie a pleasure they take,

to mowe up their hawme, for to brew and to bake.

And also it stands them in steade of their thack,

which being well inned, they cannot well lack.

 

The hawme is the straw of the wheat or the rie,

which once being reaped, they mowe by and bie.

For feare of destroieng with cattle or raine,

the sooner ye lode it, more profit ye gaine.

 

The mowing of barlie, if barlie doo stand,         Mowing of barlie.

is cheapest ans best, for to rid out of hand.

Some mowe it and rake it, and sets it on cocks,

some owe it and bind it, and sets it on shocks.

 

Of barlie the longest and greenest ye find,         Binding of barlie.

leave standing by dallops, till time ye doo bind:

Then early in morning (while deaw is thereon),

to making of bands till deaw is all gone.

 

One spreadeth those bands, so in order to ly,         Spreading of bands.

as barlie (in swatches) may fill it thereby:

Which gathered up with the rake and the hand,

the follower after them bindeth in band.

 

Where barlie is raked (if dealing be true),         Tithe of rakings.

the tenth of such raking to Parson is due:

Where scatring of barlie is seene to be much,

there custome of concience tithing should gruch.

 

Corne being had down (any way ye alow),

should with as needeth, for burning in mow:

Such skill appertaineth to harvest mans art,

and taken in time is a husbandly part.

 

No turning of peason till carrege ye make,         Usage of peason

nor turne in no more than you mind for to take:

Least beaten with showersso turned to drie,

by turning and tossing they shed as they lie.

 

If weather be faire, and tidie thy graine,         Lingring lubbers

make speedily carrege, for feare of a raine:

For tempest ans showers deceiveth a menie,

and ligering lubbers loose many a penie.

 

In goving at harvest, learne skilfully how         Best maner of goving

ech graine for to laie, by itself in a mow:         corne in the barne.

Seede barlie the purest, gove out of the way,

all other now hand gove as just as ye may.

 

Stack pease upon hovell abrode in the yeard,

to cover it quicklie, let owner regard:

Least Dove and the cadow, there finding a smack,

with ill stormie weather doo perish thy stack.

 

Corne carried, let such as be poore go and gleane,       Leave gleaning for poore.

and after, thy cattle to mowth it up cleane.

Then spare it for rowen, till Mihel be past,

to lengthen thy darie no better thou hast.

 

In harvest time, harvest folke, servants and all,

should make all togither good cheere in the hall:

And fill out the black boule of bleith to their song,

and let them be merie all harvest time long.

 

Once ended thy harvest let none be beguiled,         Pay trulie harvest folke.

please such as did helpe thee, man, woman and child.

Thus dooing, with alway such helpe as they can,

thou winnest the praise of the labouring man.

 

Now look up ro Godward, let tong never cease,       Thanke God for all.

in thanking of him for his mighty encrease:

Accept my goo will, for a proofe go and trie:

the better thou thrivest, the gladder am I.

 

WORKS AFTER HARVEST

 

Now carie out compas, when harvest is donne,

where barlie thou sowest, my champion sonne:

Or laie it on heape, in the field as ye may,

till carriage be faire, to have it away.

 

Whose compas is rotten and carried in time,

and spred as ir should be, thrifts ladder may clime.

Whose compas is paltrie and carried too late,

such husbandrie useth that many doo hate.

 

Er winter preventeth, while weather is good,         Carriage of fewell.

for galling of pasture get home with thy wood.

And carrie out gravell to fill up a hole:

both timber and furzen, the turfe and the cole.

 

Howse charcoal and sedge, chip and cole of the land,     Well placing of fewell,

pile tall wood and billet, stacke all that hath band.

Blocks, rootes, pole and bough, set upridgt to the thetch:

the neerer more handsome in winter to fetch.

 

In stacking of baven and piling of logs,         Hovell for hogs

make under the baven a hovell for hogs,

And warmlie enclose it, all saving the mouth,

and that to stand open and full to the south.

 

Once harvest despatched get wenches and boies,

and into the barne, afore all other toies,

Choised seede to be picked and trimlie well fide,

for seede may no longer from threshing abide.

 

Get seede aforehand, in a readiness had,

or better provide, if thine own be too bad.

Be careful of seede, or else such as ye sowe,

be sure at harvest, to reape of to mowe.

 

When harvest is ended, take shipping or ride,         Provision for Lent.

Ling, Saltfish and Herring, for Lent to provide.

To buie it at first, as it cometh to rode,

shall paie for thy charges thou spendest abrode.

 

Choose skilfullie Saltfish, not burnt at the stone,

buie such as be good, or else let it alone.

Get home that is bought, and goe stack it up drie,

with peasestraw between it the better to lie.

 

Er ever ye jornie, cause servant with speede,         Compassing of barlie land

to compas thy barlie land where it is neede.

One aker well compassed, passeth some three,

thy barne shall at harvest declare it to thee.

 

This lesson is learned by riding about,

the prices of vittels, the yeere thorough out.

Both what to be selling and what to refraine,

and what to be buieng, to bring in againe.

 

Though buieng and selling doth wonderfull well,

to such as have skill how to buie and to sell:

Yet chopping and changing I cannot commend,

with theefe and his marrow, for feare of ill end.

 

The rich in his bargaining needes not be tought,

of buier and seller full far is he sought.

Yet herin consisteth a part of my text,

who buieth at first hand, and who at the next.

 

At first hand he buieth that paieth all downe,         Buieng at first hand.

at second, that hath not so much in the towne,

At third hand he buieth that buieth of trust,

at his hand who buieth shall paie for his lust.

 

As often as ye bargaine, for better or wurse,         Readie money buieth

to buie it the cheaper, have chinks in thy purse:       best cheape

Touch kept is commended, yet credit to keepe,

is paie and despatch him, er ever ye sleepe.

 

Be mindful abrode of Mihelmas spring         Hauking

for theoeon dependeth a husbandlie thing:

Though some have a pleasure, with hauke upon hand,

godd husbands get treasure, to purchase their land.

 

Thy market dispatched, turne home againe round,

least gaping for penie, thou loosest a pound:

Provide for thy wife, or else look to be shent,

good milchcow for winter, another for Lent.

 

In traveling homeward, buie fortie good crones,       Old ewes.

and fat up the bodies of those seelie bones.

Leave milking and drie up old mulley thy cow,

the crooked and aged, to fattening put now.

 

At Bartilmewtide, or at Sturbridge faire,         Buieng or selling

buie that is needfull, thy house to repaire:         of butter or cheese.

Then sell to thy profit, both butter and cheese,

who buieth it sooner, the more he shall leese.

 

If hops doo looke brownish, then are ye too slowe,       Hops gathering.

if longer ye suffer those hops for to growe,

Now sooner ye gather, more profit is found,

if weather be faire and deaw of a ground.

 

Not break off, but cut off, from hop the hop string,       Increasing of hops.

leave growing a little againe for to spring.

Whose hill about pared, and therewith new clad,

shall nourish more sets against March to be had.

 

Hop hillock discharged of everie let,           The order of hops

se then without breaking, ech pole ye out get   .       gathering.

Which being untangled above in the tops,

go carrie to such as are plucking of hops.

 

Take soutage or haier (that covers the kell),         Hop manger.

set like to a manger and fastened well:

With poles upon crotchis as high as thy brest,

for saving and riddance is husbandrie best..

 

Hops had, the hop poles that are likely preserve,       Save hop poles.

(from breaking and rotting) againe for to serve:

And plant ye with alders or willowes a plot,

where yearlie as needeth mo poles may be got.

 

Some skillfullie drieth their hops on a kell,         Drieng of hops.

and some on a soller, oft turning them well.

Kell dried well abide, foule weather or faire,

where drieng and lieng in loft doo dispaire.

 

Some close them up drie in a hogshed or fat,         Keeping of hops.

yet canvas or soutage is better than that:

By drieng and lieng they quickly be spilt:

thus much I have shewed, doo now as thou wilt.

 

Old fermer is forced long August to make,

his goodes at more leisure away for to take.

New fermer he thinketh ech houre a day,

untill the old fermer be packing away.

 

CORNE HARVEST

Equally divided into ten partes.

 

One par cast forth, for rent due out of hand,

One other part, for seede ro sowe thy land.

Another part, leave Parson for his tieth,

Another part for harvest, sickle and sieth.

 

One part for ploughwrite, cartwright, knacker, smith.     For naperie

One par to uphold thy teemes that drawe therewith,       sope and candle,

On part for servant and workmans wage lay         salt and sauce,

One part likewise for filbellie day by day,         tunker and

One part for thy wife for needful things doth crave,       cooper, brasse

Thy selfe and childe, the last one part would have.       and pewter.

 

Mihelmas   Michaelmas. 29th Septemer, on of the English quarter days

Hallontide   the first week of November

Shroftide   just before lent

Candelmas   February - the purification of the Virgin

Martlimas

S.Edmund the king